Understanding Cervical Cancer: Causes, Transmission, Symptoms, and Prevention
Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the cells of the cervix — the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It is one of the most common cancers affecting women globally, yet it is highly preventable and treatable when detected early.
Causes and Transmission
The leading cause of cervical cancer is persistent infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is a very common sexually transmitted infection (STI). While most HPV infections clear on their own, some high-risk strains can cause abnormal changes in the cervical cells, eventually leading to cancer if not treated.
Is it transferable from men to women?
Yes, HPV — the virus that causes cervical cancer — can be transmitted from men to women through sexual contact. A man infected with HPV (even without visible symptoms) can pass it to a female partner during vaginal, anal, or oral sex. That’s why both men and women are encouraged to take preventive measures like HPV vaccination and safe sexual practices.
Risk Factors
- Early onset of sexual activity
- Multiple sexual partners
- Smoking
- Weakened immune system (e.g., from HIV)
- Long-term use of oral contraceptives
Symptoms
Cervical cancer often has no signs in its early stages. As it progresses, symptoms may include:
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding (after sex, between periods, or after menopause)
- Unusual vaginal discharge
- Pelvic pain or pain during sexual intercourse
Prevention
- HPV Vaccination: Safe and effective vaccines can protect against the most dangerous strains of HPV.
- Regular Screening: Pap smears and HPV tests detect precancerous changes early.
- Practice Safe Sex: Use condoms and reduce the number of sexual partners.
- Quit Smoking: Smoking weakens the immune system and contributes to cervical and other cancers.
Conclusion
Cervical cancer is preventable, treatable, and beatable — especially when detected early. Understanding the role of HPV in its development and taking proactive steps like vaccination, screening, and safe sexual behavior can save lives.